As with most medical procedures, there are some potential risks. The risks of in vitro fertilization depend upon each specific step of the procedure.

1. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Ovary stimulation from medication carries the risk of hyperstimulation, where the ovaries become swollen and painful. This condition, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, is usually rare, mild, and involves these potential side affects: nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, or a feeling of being bloated. More severe symptoms which occur in 1 percent of cases, include the following:
   • Severe abdominal pain
   • Severe nausea or vomiting
   • Decreased urinary frequency
   • Dark-colored urine
   • Shortness of breath
   • Ten pound weight gain within three to five days
2. Egg retrieval procedures and the use of laparoscopy carry the typical risks related to anesthesia. Additionally, there is a slight risk of bleeding, infection, and damage to the bowel, bladder, or a blood vessel. Less than one patient in 1,000 will require surgery to repair damage caused during the egg retrieval process.
3. Increased risk of multiples. The chance of a multiples pregnancy is increased in all assisted reproductive procedures. There are additional risks and concerns related to multiples, such as increased risk of premature delivery, lifelong medical and developmental problems for the baby, as well as pregnancy and labor complications for the mother.
4. Psychological stress. Assisted reproductive technology such as IVF involves significant physical, financial, and emotional commitment on the part of the patient, their partners, and sometimes even friends and family. Psychological stress and emotional problems are common, and even more so if IVF is unsuccessful.